Perturbations refer to disturbances or changes in a system that can impact its behavior or functioning. In the context of research, perturbations are often studied to understand how systems respond to external stimuli or unexpected events. Researchers may introduce controlled perturbations in experiments to observe how they affect the system and learn more about its properties and dynamics. Perturbations can be environmental, physical, or biological in nature, and studying them can provide valuable insights into complex systems and their resilience.