Network-on-chip (NoC) is a communication architecture used in modern computer systems for connecting multiple cores or processing elements on a chip. Similar to how a traditional network connects multiple computers or devices, an NoC connects different components within a chip, such as processors, memory units, and I/O devices. NoCs are designed to improve the efficiency, performance, and scalability of on-chip communication compared to traditional bus-based architectures. They typically feature a mesh or grid topology with multiple interconnected routers for handling data transfer between various components. Research in the field of network-on-chip focuses on optimizing routing algorithms, network topology, arbitration mechanisms, power consumption, fault tolerance, and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. The goal is to design efficient and reliable communication networks that can support the increasing complexity and demands of modern multi-core processors and System-on-Chip (SoC) designs.