Nanoplastics are tiny particles of plastic that are less than 100 nanometers in size. They are considered a subset of microplastics, which are generally defined as plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Nanoplastics can be created through the breakdown of larger plastic items or through the deliberate manufacturing of nano-sized plastic particles. They are of growing concern because of their potential to accumulate in the environment, enter food chains, and cause harm to organisms. Research in the area of nanoplastics focuses on understanding their sources, behavior in the environment, potential impacts on ecosystems and human health, and methods for detection and removal. This research is critical for developing strategies to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with nanoplastics.